It is not clear when their production ended, but recent research suggests the middle of the 3rd century. The portraits date to the Imperial Roman era, from the late 1st century BC or the early 1st century AD onwards. While painted cartonnage mummy cases date back to pharaonic times, the Faiyum mummy portraits were an innovation dating to the time of Roman rule in Egypt. "Faiyum portraits" is generally used as a stylistic, rather than a geographic, description. Mummy portraits have been found across Egypt, but are most common in the Faiyum Basin, particularly from Hawara and the Hadrianic Roman city Antinoopolis. They were formerly, and incorrectly, called Coptic portraits. The Fayum portraits are the only large body of art from that tradition to have survived. They belong to the tradition of panel painting, one of the most highly regarded forms of art in the Classical world. Mummy portraits or Fayum mummy portraits are a type of naturalistic painted portrait on wooden boards attached to upper class mummies from Roman Egypt. This heavily gilt portrait was found in Antinoöpolis in winter 1905/06 by French Archaeologist Alfred Gayet and sold to the Egyptian Museum of Berlin in 1907. Mummy portrait of a young woman, Antinoöpolis, Middle Egypt, 2nd century, Louvre, Paris. Portraits attached to mummies in Roman Egypt
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